Kusankha kwazinthu ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwa mavavu otsetsereka m'makina oteteza moto. Brass ndi bronze, ma alloys awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, amawonetsa mawonekedwe akuthupi komanso magwiridwe antchito.

• Mkuwaimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi dzimbiri, yosungunuka mwapadera, komanso yolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa ntchito monga ma valve owongoka ndi ma valve owongolera kuthamanga.
• Bronze, ngakhale ilinso ndi dzimbiri, imakhala ndi porosity yapamwamba komanso yocheperako, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu pakapita nthawi.

Kusankha zinthu zoyenera ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire moyo wautali komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a mavavu otsetsereka, kuphatikiza ma valve a PRV ndima valve oletsa kuthamanga, m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Brass amawononga ndalama zochepandipo ndi yosavuta kuumba, kotero imagwira ntchito bwino kwa machitidwe amoto amkati omwe ali ndi nkhawa yapakatikati.
• Mkuwa ndi wamphamvu ndipo umalimbana ndi dzimbiri bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kumalo olimba ngati pafupi ndi nyanja.
• Kusankha zinthu zoyenerachifukwa mavavu otsetsereka zimatengera komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe amapangira kuti atsimikizire kuti amakhalabe ndikugwira ntchito bwino.

Kupanga Kwazinthu Zomangira Mavavu

Mkuwa: Mapangidwe ndi Katundu

Brass ndi aloyi wopangidwa makamaka ndi mkuwa ndi zinki, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana malinga ndi zomwe akufuna. Mkuwa nthawi zambiri umachokera ku 55% mpaka 95%, pomwe zinc amapanga 5% mpaka 45%. Zinthu zina monga lead, chitsulo, aluminiyamu, faifi tambala, ndi arsenic nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwonjezere zinthu zina.

• Kutsogoleraimathandizira machinability, kupangitsa kuti mkuwa ukhale wosavuta kupanga popanga.
• Chitsulokumawonjezera mphamvu, kuonetsetsa zakuthupi angathe kupirira makina kupsyinjika.
• Aluminiyamundinickelkumawonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri, kupanga mkuwa kukhala woyenera malo okhala ndi chinyezi kapena mankhwala.

Brass imadziwika ndi kusinthika kwake kwabwino kwambiri, kulola opanga kupanga mapangidwe odabwitsa a mavavu otsetsereka. Kukaniza kwake kwa dzimbiri kumatsimikizira kulimba mu machitidwe oteteza moto, pomwe kudalirika ndikofunikira.

Bronze: Mapangidwe ndi Katundu

Bronze ndi aloyi wopangidwa makamaka ndi mkuwa ndi malata, ndipo mkuwa umapanga pafupifupi 88% ndi malata pafupifupi 12%. Zinthu zowonjezera monga aluminium, faifi tambala, phosphorous, silicon, ndi manganese nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa kuti zithandizire kukonza makina ndi mankhwala.

• Aluminiyamukumawonjezera mphamvu ndi kukana dzimbiri, kupangitsa kuti mkuwa ukhale wabwino kwambiri m'malo am'madzi.
• Nickelkumawonjezera kukana kuwononga komanso kukhazikika kwathunthu.
• Phosphorousimathandizira kukana kuvala, kuonetsetsa kuti moyo wautali muzogwiritsira ntchito zolimbana kwambiri.
• Silikonindimanganesekuthandizira ku mphamvu zamakina ndi kulimba mtima.

Bronze imawonetsa kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo ovuta. Mwachitsanzo, nickel aluminiyamu bronze amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yolimba ya 550 mpaka 900 MPa komanso kulimba m'madzi am'madzi. Momwemonso, C932 yokhala ndi bronze, yokhala ndi mphamvu yolimba ya pafupifupi 35,000 PSI, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazigawo za valve.

Kusiyana Kwakukulu kwa Kapangidwe ka Zinthu

Kusiyana kwake pakati pa mkuwa ndi mkuwa kumakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe awo komanso kukwanira kwa mavavu otsetsereka.

Aloyi	Zigawo Zazikulu	Zowonjezera ndi Zotsatira Zake
Bronze	Mkuwa (88%), Tini (12%)	Aluminiyamu (mphamvu, kukana dzimbiri), nickel (mphamvu, kukana tarnish), Phosphorus (kuvala kukana), Silikoni (mphamvu), Manganese (makina katundu)
Mkuwa	Mkuwa (55% -95%), Zinc (5% -45%)	lead (machinability), Iron (mphamvu), Aluminium (kukana dzimbiri), Nickel (kukana kwa dzimbiri), Arsenic (kukana kwa dzimbiri)

Mkuwa uli ndi zinc zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zosavuta kupanga mavavu otsetsereka okhala ndi mapangidwe ovuta. Komano, mkuwa umadalira malata ndi zinthu zina kuti ukhale wamphamvu komanso wosavala, kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kulimba pansi pa kupsinjika kwamakina.

Kusiyana kwachulukidwe kumawonetsanso mawonekedwe awo apadera:

Zakuthupi	Mkuwa (%)	Zinc (%)	Malata (%)	Zinthu Zina
Mkuwa	57% mpaka 63%	35% mpaka 40%	N / A	N / A
Bronze	Mkuwa + Tin	N / A	N / A	Nickel, Manganese (zowonjezera zotheka)

Kusiyanaku kumatsimikizira kufunika kosankha zinthu zoyenera zomangira ma valve potengerazofunikira zofunsirandi zochitika zachilengedwe.

Kukaniza kwa Corrosion mu Mavavu Oyikira

Brass and Corrosion Resistance

Brass imawonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo omwe sakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi mankhwala owopsa kapena zinthu zoopsa. Mkuwa wake wamkuwa umapanga wosanjikiza wotetezera wa oxide pamene umakhala ndi mpweya kapena madzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwina. Katunduyu amapanga mkuwa kukhala chinthu chodalirika cha mavavu otsetsereka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina oteteza moto m'nyumba kapena madera omwe amawongolera chilengedwe.

Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu monga aluminiyamu ndi faifi tambala kumapangitsanso kuthekera kwa mkuwa kukana dzimbiri. Aluminiyamu imapanga wosanjikiza wopyapyala, wokhazikika wa oxide womwe umateteza zinthu ku chinyezi komanso kukhudzana ndi mankhwala. Nickel, kumbali ina, imathandizira kukana kuwononga, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zimasunga mawonekedwe ake komanso magwiridwe antchito pakapita nthawi. Makhalidwewa amapangitsa mkuwa kukhala chisankho choyenera pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kukhazikika komanso kukongola kokongola.

Bronze ndi Corrosion Resistance

Bronze amapereka zabwino kwambirikukana dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo ovuta monga am'madzi kapena mafakitale. Mapangidwe ake, makamaka mkuwa ndi tini, amapereka chotchinga chachilengedwe motsutsana ndi okosijeni ndi zochita za mankhwala. Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu monga aluminiyamu ndi phosphorous kumalimbitsanso kukana kwake kuti asavale ndi dzimbiri.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti nickel-aluminium bronze (NAB) imawonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri m'malo am'madzi. Kusintha kumeneku kumachokera ku mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a NAB / zitsulo zophatikizika, makamaka zomwe zimapangidwa kudzera pa Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Kukula kwambewu kakang'ono ndi mpweya wochepa wa κ gawo mu WAAM-NAB amachepetsa dzimbiri la gawo losankha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zonse ziziyenda bwino. Zinthuzi zimapanga mkuwa kukhala chinthu chomwe chimakonda kwambiri mavavu otsetsereka omwe ali ndi madzi amchere kapena zinthu zina zowononga.

Zinthu Zachilengedwe Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuwonongeka

Chilengedwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavavu otsetsereka. Zinthu monga chinyezi, kutentha, ndi kukhudzana ndi mankhwala kapena madzi amchere zimatha kufulumizitsa njira ya dzimbiri. Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa umagwira ntchito bwino m'malo owuma kapena onyowa pang'ono koma ukhoza kuwononga msanga m'malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri kapena acidic.

Bronze, yokhala ndi mphamvu zake, imapirira mikhalidwe yovuta, kuphatikiza malo am'madzi ndi ntchito zamafakitale. Komabe, ngakhale mkuwa ukhoza kuwonongeka ngati utakhala ndi pH yochulukirapo kapena kukhudzana kwanthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala ankhanza. Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi kusankha koyenera kwa zinthu zochokeramikhalidwe ya chilengedwendizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti ma valve otsetsereka amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wodalirika.

Kukhalitsa ndi Kulimba kwa Mavavu Oyikira

Zida Zamakina a Brass

Brass imawonetsa kuphatikizika kwapadera kwamphamvu ndi kusinthasintha, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yodalirika yopangira ma valve okwera. Mphamvu zake zokhazikika zimakhala kuyambira 200 mpaka 550 MPa, kutengera kapangidwe ka aloyi. Mphamvu iyi imalola mkuwa kupirira kupsinjika kwamakina kwapakati popanda kusweka kapena kupunduka. Kuphatikiza apo, kusasunthika kwake kumatsimikizira kuti opanga atha kuyipanga kukhala mapangidwe odabwitsa popanda kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwake.

Brass imawonetsanso kukana kovala bwino, makamaka m'malo osasunthika kwambiri. Katunduyu amachepetsa kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pakapita nthawi, kuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito akhazikika. Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu monga chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwake kwamakina, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna mphamvu komanso kulondola.

Mechanical Properties of Bronze

Bronze amadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba komanso kulimba mtima pansi pazovuta kwambiri. Mphamvu yake yokhazikika imakhala kuyambira 300 mpaka 800 MPa, kutengera aloyi. Izi zimapangitsa bronze kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe kulimba ndikofunikira. Kuphatikizika kwa malata ndi zinthu zina monga phosphorous ndi manganese kumawonjezera kukana kwake, ndikupangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito kwanthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta.

Bronze imapambananso pamakina othamanga kwambiri chifukwa cha kukangana kwake kochepa. Katunduyu amachepetsa kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika, kukulitsa moyo wa zida. Kukhoza kwake kusunga umphumphu wapangidwe pansi pazovuta kwambiri kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu chokondedwa cha mavavu otsetsereka omwe ali ndi katundu wolemetsa wamakina.

Kukhalitsa Kwanthawi Yaitali mu Mapulogalamu Oyikira Vavu

Kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa mavavu otsetsereka kumadalira kuthekera kwa zinthuzo kukana kuwonongeka, dzimbiri, komanso kupsinjika kwamakina. Kafukufuku wokhudza moyo wautali wa valve, monga maphunziro a transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), amapereka chidziwitso chofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwa PARTNER-1 kunanena kuti palibe kuwonongeka kwa valve (SVD) pambuyo pa zaka zisanu, pamene kafukufuku wina adawona kuchuluka kwa SVD kwa 14.9% patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zotsatirazi zikuonetsa kufunika kwakusankha zipangizo ndi kutsimikiziridwa durabilityza ntchito zovuta.

Brass ndi bronze onse amaperekantchito kwa nthawi yayitali ikagwiritsidwa ntchitomu mavavu otsetsereka. Komabe, kusankha pakati pa ziwirizi kumadalira ntchito yeniyeni ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Brass ndi yabwino kupsinjika pang'ono komanso malo oyendetsedwa bwino, pomwe mkuwa umaposa kupsinjika kwambiri kapena kuwononga. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa zinthu kumatsimikizira kudalirika ndi moyo wautali wa ma valve otsika mu machitidwe otetezera moto.

Mtengo ndi Kuthekera kwa Mavavu Oyikira

Kuyerekeza Mtengo: Brass vs. Bronze

Mkuwa ndi mkuwa zimasiyana kwambiri pamtengo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake komanso kupezeka kwake. Mkuwa, wopangidwa makamaka ndi mkuwa ndi zinki, umakonda kukhala wotsika mtengo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake ponseponse m'mafakitale ndi ntchito zamakampani kumathandizira kuti mtengo wake ukhale wotsika. Mkuwa, womwe umakhala ndi mkuwa ndi malata, nthawi zambiri umawononga ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malata komanso ma aloyi apadera ofunikira pa ntchito zina.

Opanga nthawi zambiri amasankha mkuwa wa mavavu otsetsereka pomwe mtengo wake ndiwofunika kwambiri. Bronze, ngakhale yokwera mtengo, imapereka mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chokondedwa m'malo opsinjika kwambiri. Chisankho pakati pa zinthuzi chimadalira kulinganiza zovuta za bajeti ndi zofunikira za ntchito.

Kuganizira za Machinability ndi Kupanga

Machinability amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira kumasuka kwa ma valve otsetsereka. Brass imawoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kusinthika kwake komanso kutsika kwake. Katunduyu amalola opanga kupanga mapangidwe odabwitsa osavala zida zochepa. Bronze, ngakhale imakhala yolimba, imakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu panthawi yopangira makina chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kulimba kwake.

Gome ili m'munsili likuwonetsa ma benchmarks ofunikira azitsulo zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa:

Mtundu wa Alloy	Mphamvu yamagetsi (ksi)	Mphamvu zokolola (ksi)	Elongation (%)	Kuuma (Brinell)	Kuthekera (YB)
Mkuwa Wofiira	83	N / A	32	N / A	35
Bronze wa Manganese	86	90	45	48	30
Tin Bronze	90	40	45	21	30

Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa Brass kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulondola komanso kuchita bwino. Bronze, ngakhale kuti ili ndi mphamvu zochepa, imakhalabe njira yabwino yopangira ma valve otsika m'malo ovuta chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamakina.

Kukonza ndi Mtengo Wamoyo Wonse

Kukonza ndi kuwononga ndalama zoyendetsera moyo kumadalira kulimba kwa chinthucho komanso kukana kuvala. Brass imafuna kusamalidwa pafupipafupi m'malo olamulidwa, kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali. Komabe, m'malo owononga kapena opsinjika kwambiri, bronze imapereka moyo wautali, kuchotsera mtengo wake wokwera ndikuchepetsa pafupipafupi m'malo.

Kusankha zinthu zoyenera zopangira ma valve otsika kumatsimikizira kugwira ntchito bwino ndikuchepetsa ndalama zonse. Opanga ngati Yuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory amaika patsogolozakuthupikupereka mayankho odalirika komanso otsika mtengo a ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kuyenerera kwa Ma Vavu Oyikira

Mavavu a Brass Landing: Ntchito Wamba

Mavavu otsetsereka amkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo omwe kupanikizika kwamphamvu kwamakina ndi kuwongolera kumachitika. Kusachita bwino kwa dzimbiri komanso kusasinthika kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kutetezedwa ndi moto m'nyumba, monga nyumba zamalonda, nyumba zogona, ndi maofesi. Ma valve awa amagwira ntchito modalirika m'makina omwe amakumana ndi mankhwala oopsa kapena nyengo yoipa kwambiri.

Kuphweka kwa mkuwa wopangira makina kumapangitsa opanga kupanga mapangidwe ovuta, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ma valve oyendetsa kuthamanga ndi ma valve owongoka. Kuphatikiza apo, mavavu otsetsereka amkuwa nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, chifukwa amasunga mawonekedwe opukutidwa pakapita nthawi. Kuphatikizika kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe owoneka kumapangitsa kuti mkuwa ukhale chisankho chokondedwa pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira magwiridwe antchito komanso kusinthasintha kwamapangidwe.

Mavavu Oyimilira a Bronze: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Wamba

Ma valve otsetsereka amkuwa amapambana m'malo ovuta momwe kulimba komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikofunikira. Mapangidwe awo amphamvu amawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa machitidwe oteteza moto panja, mafakitale, ndi ntchito zapamadzi. Mavavuwa amalimbana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamakina ndipo amakana kuvala, ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yovuta monga kukhudzana ndi madzi amchere kapena kutentha kwambiri.

Mphamvu zapamwamba za Bronze komanso kugundana kochepa kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pamakina othamanga kwambiri komanso ntchito zolemetsa. Mwachitsanzo, mavavu otsetsereka amkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo a zombo, nsanja zakunyanja, ndi mafakitale amankhwala. Kukhoza kwawo kupirira malo ovuta kumatsimikizira kudalirika kwa nthawi yaitali ndi chitetezo mu machitidwe ovuta otetezera moto.

Kusankha Zinthu Zoyenera Pazofuna Zapadera

Kusankha zinthu zoyenera avalavu yolowerazimatengera zomwe akufuna komanso momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera. Brass ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri m'malo okhala m'nyumba kapena otsika chifukwa cha kukwanitsa kwake, kutheka kwake, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mkuwa ndi woyenerera bwino kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena zowonongeka, kumene mphamvu ndi kulimba ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Opanga ngati Yuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factoryperekani mavavu otsetsereka osiyanasiyana ogwirizana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa zofunikira zenizeni za chitetezo cha moto kumatsimikizira kusankha zinthu zoyenera kwambiri, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya valve ndi moyo wautali.

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Brass ndi bronze zimasiyana mu kapangidwe kake, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kulimba, komanso mtengo wake. Brass imapereka mwayi wogula komanso kuchita bwino, pomwe mkuwa umaposa mphamvu komanso kulimba mtima. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera kumadalira momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira komanso zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa zakuthupi kumatsimikizira kuti ma valve otsetsereka amagwira ntchito modalirika komanso amakhala nthawi yayitali pamakina oteteza moto.

FAQ

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zazikulu zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha pakati pa mavavu otsetsereka amkuwa ndi amkuwa?

Unikani zochitika zachilengedwe, kupsinjika kwamakina, ndi bajeti. Brass imagwirizana ndi malo olamuliridwa, pomwe mkuwa umaposa kupsinjika kwambiri kapena kuwononga.

Kodi kukana kwa dzimbiri kumasiyana bwanji pakati pa mkuwa ndi mkuwa?

Mkuwa umalimbana ndi dzimbiri m'malo ocheperako. Bronze imapereka kukana kopambana, makamaka m'malo am'madzi kapena mafakitale, chifukwa champhamvu zake.

Kodi mavavu otsikira mkuwa ndiwotsika mtengo kuposa bronze?

Inde, mkuwa nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake komanso makina ake. Komabe, kulimba kwa bronze kumatha kuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira nthawi yayitali pamapulogalamu ofunikira.